What the HECK is a variogram?
One of the distinguishing characteristics of earth science datasets is their pattern of spatial continuity. Two profiles of geological samples exhibiting completely different spatial continuity may produce the same universal statistical metrics, such as mean and standard deviation. Therefore, a new type of statistics is invented to solve this problem. One tool that belongs to this new type […]
China’s Private Fund – A New Financing Option For Small Oil And Gas Operators? (Part 1)
China’s Private Funds – A New Option For Financing Oil and Gas Development? The global oil market is still struggling with low prices and an oil glut. Currently, attracting capital for the purpose of acquisition and development of oil and gas assets is still difficult. To make the matter worse, the […]
4D Book of Knowledge Chapter VII – The secret of successful 4D inversion – coupling
Coupling is a commonly ignored systematic error in 4D inversion 4D acquisition and processing are ‘coupled’ by nature, meaning that parameter selection takes into account all survey vintages. In addition, processors are trying all possible ways to honor the coupling between vintages and surveys with innovative co-processing workflows and algorithms. However, most 4D quantitative interpretation […]
4D Book of Knowledge Chapter VI – One chart to take away to plan your entire 4D work
4D Specialists simplify things for 4D! This time we share a one chart handbook for all 4D practitioners to overview the full spectrum of 4D interpretation task that can be carried out from processing, data enhancement for QI, basic 4D interpretation to the ultimate application of 4D data. Like it, save it, print it off, […]
Towards the Future: 4D Permanent Reservoir Monitoring
By David Cox, Stingray Geophysics – the leading 4D PRM system manufacturer There are a range of methods for acquiring 4D data which vary in cost and quality of the data acquired. These include; repeat streamer surveys, temporarily installed ocean bottom cables (OBC / OBS) nodes or cables that are permanently installed for the lifetime […]
4D BOOK OF KNOWLEDGE IV – Modular approach for 4D feasibility projects
4D feasibility studies are required to assess the detectability of the expected 4D signal from changes in the reservoir over time. It is necessary to integrate petrophysics, reservoir engineering and geophysical expertise to conduct these studies. A modular approach could be taken in analysing the detectability of the expected 4D signal. Recall Serial 3 – […]
Deep dive into hardcore rock physics calibration (By Dr. Hamed Amini)
Why are we still calibrating the rock-physics models? Rock-physics empirical relations, theoretical models, and heuristic approaches are used successfully to aid quantitative characterisation of the sweet spots or monitoring of the production induced changes in the reservoir. Along with applicability to the specific reservoir scenario, calibrability is an indispensable criterion for selection of the optimum […]
4D Book of Knowledge Chapter 2 – The role of 4D in the coming decade? DIGITAL 4D as Standard (by Prof. Colin MacBeth)
Predicting the future of 4D from its past 4D or time-lapse seismic is now one of the up and coming technologies in the industry today .. proven, mature and accepted. This technology was famously resisted by several major oil companies in the late 1980’s as not being economically viable, flipped overnight to become the gold […]
4D Book of Knowledge Chapter 1 – Managers and technical leaders, how do you establish 4D expertise in your corporation?
Are your 4D competencies lagging behind the current leading 4D players in the industry? Back in 2007, some of the super-majors were trying to improve their technology maturity and corporate capability in 4D seismic. Most of them realized the gaps and opportunities as tabulated below as 10-year development targets. And it is now 2017. If […]
IRES-GEO TECHNOLOGY AND STINGRAY GEOPHYSICAL PARTNER FOR FASTER, CHEAPER 4D SOLUTIONS
Edinburgh, August 3st, 2017 – Edinburgh-based iRes-Geo Technology and global Stingray Geophysical are pleased to announce a new partnership aimed to offer better 4D solutions to meet the industry’s increasing reservoir monitoring needs. By joining iRes-Geo’s team of world’s foremost experts with Stingray’s unique fiber optic Permanent Reservoir Monitoring System, the partnership will provide the […]
Subsurface Integration: Take it or Lean it!
Subsurface integration has always been a hot topic for the EP companies. Today, more than ever, there is a strong push to tackle the subsurface challenges in an integrated fashion. Unfortunately, the misconception of collocating subsurface people in the same corridor as the one and only requirement to achieve subsurface integration is well alive. Subsurface […]
“What is the uncertainty, how far from the ‘truth’ could you be?”
The question itself strikes deep uncertainty into the hearts of geologists, geophysicists, reservoir modellers and many other subsurface experts. As a geophysicist, how could I quantify the accuracy of the position and geometry of my meticulously picked horizons and faults? I would cook something up, based on wavelengths, detectability limits, velocity model issues, Fresnel zones, […]